Determinants of Organisational Effectiveness of Churches: A Case Study in Accra, Ghana from 2010–2020

The Organisational Effectiveness (OE) of churches in Accra, Ghana, is understudied, necessitating further research on holistic determinants of church OE, their relationships, and their impact on human development. This exploratory sequential mixed-methods analysed critical OE determinants, assessing their predictive strength and impact on organisational performance and developing an evidence-based framework. First, a qualitative data collection and analysis was conducted. Twenty participants were interviewed through open and closed-ended questions. Second, findings generated from the first phase were used to develop a survey instrument for the quantitative phase of the study. Convenience sampling was used to select 32 participants to pilot test and validate the instrument. Third, quantitative data was collected using a Google Forms survey from 844 participants selected through multistage cluster sampling. Analyses conducted using SPSS v 20 included descriptive, bivariate and multivariate methods. The study concluded that the determinants of the OE of churches are multi-dimensional, marked by four domains—financial, structural, operational, and behavioural/attitudinal—with the attitudinal/behavioural and structural domains being the most important predictors. All four domains contributed to strategic human development priorities, with the structural domain being particularly effective. The study suggests that churches should recognise the importance of these factors and strengthen their organisational systems to improve their performance.